{"id":27961,"date":"2021-05-20T12:17:57","date_gmt":"2021-05-20T10:17:57","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.stocexpo.com\/?p=27961"},"modified":"2021-05-20T12:20:18","modified_gmt":"2021-05-20T10:20:18","slug":"venezuelas-crumbling-oil-industry-is-an-environmental-nightmare","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.stocexpo.com\/en\/2021\/05\/20\/venezuelas-crumbling-oil-industry-is-an-environmental-nightmare\/","title":{"rendered":"Venezuela\u2019s Crumbling Oil Industry Is An Environmental Nightmare"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"27961\" class=\"elementor elementor-27961\" data-elementor-post-type=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-d73fcfa elementor-section-stretched elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"d73fcfa\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;stretch_section&quot;:&quot;section-stretched&quot;,&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-31a66287\" data-id=\"31a66287\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-11d5ab4b elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"11d5ab4b\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-5858ddde\" data-id=\"5858ddde\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7ffa221b elementor-widget elementor-widget-theme-post-title elementor-page-title elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"7ffa221b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"theme-post-title.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Venezuela\u2019s Crumbling Oil Industry Is An Environmental Nightmare<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-464db08e elementor-align-left elementor-widget elementor-widget-post-info\" data-id=\"464db08e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"post-info.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul class=\"elementor-inline-items elementor-icon-list-items elementor-post-info\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item elementor-repeater-item-7a16641 elementor-inline-item\" itemprop=\"datePublished\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text elementor-post-info__item elementor-post-info__item--type-date\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<time>20\/05\/2021<\/time>\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t<\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-59f89fbb elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"59f89fbb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-163056b9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"163056b9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The near failure of the Venezuelan state, caused by the breakdown of the country\u2019s oil industry, has triggered the second worst humanitarian crisis of the 21st century. While the collapse of Venezuela\u2019s oil industry and what was once the richest economy in South America are well documented, there is little coverage of the immense environmental damage being caused by the decay of its energy infrastructure.<\/p><p>The autocratic Maduro regime is determined to squeeze whatever oil and gasoline production it can generate from Venezuela\u2019s crumbling oilfields, corroded refineries and rusting pipelines. The situation is so dire that oil spills are a regular event in the near-failed state, especially since Washington ratcheted up sanctions, preventing Caracas from obtaining the capital required to conduct critical maintenance and overhauls. Under Maduro\u2019s leadership Venezuela\u2019s government, including national oil company PDVSA, has ceased collecting and releasing data, making it near-impossible for international observers to ascertain what is occurring in the country. PDVSA data (Spanish) from 2016, before the national oil company stopped releasing operational information, showed that oil spills had multiplied fourfold since 1999. This was a worrying portent of what was to come because the worst of the decline for Venezuela\u2019s oil industry did not start until 2018 as progressively stricter U.S. sanctions were imposed.<\/p><p>Aside from PDVSA ceasing to publicly report operational data, Caracas regularly attempts to ignore or even cover up oil spills. That makes it extremely difficult for neighboring countries and the international community to discern just how much environmental damage is occurring.<\/p><p>In late-2019, a massive oil spill covering thousands of kilometers washed up on Brazil\u2019s coastline, which was the worst in the Latin American country\u2019s history. Initially, Brasilia was unable to determine where the crude oil had come from, but an analysis indicated it was of Venezuelan origin. Brazil\u2019s government, while unable to confirm the point of origin, believes the spill came from a Greek-flagged tanker carrying Venezuelan crude oil, although Caracas denied responsibility.<\/p><p>Caracas\u2019 denial of petroleum spills coupled with the government and PDVSA\u2019s lack of resources means that many spills are cleaned up by local communities and volunteers without access to the appropriate equipment to manage and resolve such incidents. Many of Venezuela\u2019s oil spills are the result of ruptures and leaks from aging crude oil pipelines as well as decaying refineries that have not been adequately maintained or overhauled for nearly a decade. A major issue weighing heavily on PDVSA\u2019s ability to produce crude oil is that its storage facilities are full, forcing the company to shutter production until capacity is available. When Caracas can dodge U.S. sanctions, PDVSA loads tankers for crude oil shipments to Iran and China thereby freeing up storage capacity and allowing it to restart shuttered operations, leading derelict pipelines to start pumping again, spraying oil into the surrounding environment.<\/p><p>Tehran\u2019s provision of assistance to the Maduro regime to restart Venezuela\u2019s severely corroded refineries added to the considerable existing environmental damage. After a Chinese contractor balked at completing the maintenance required to restart Venezuela\u2019s major refineries, Iran stepped in providing technicians and parts including catalyzers as well as heat exchangers. That saw the refurbishment of the 140,000 barrel per day El Palito refinery allowing operations to recommence in August 2020. Since that troubled 2020 restart, the facility has suffered regular equipment failures and fires precipitating a series of oil spills, the worst recorded event being a 25,000-barrel leakage onto Venezuela\u2019s western coastline in August 2020.<\/p><p>This was followed by a smaller spill in October 2020, which according to the Caracas Chronicle was the third oil spill from El Palito that year. According to residents of El Palito, the beachside town where the refinery is located, every time the refinery operates it spews crude oil into the surrounding environment. Staff from the refinery claim its waste storage pits are full and overflowing causing crude oil waste from the facility to flow into the Caribbean.<\/p><p>CFDs are complex instruments and come with a high risk of losing money rapidly due to leverage. 74-89% of retail investor accounts lose money when trading CFDs. You should consider whether you understand how CFDs work and whether you can afford to take the high risk of losing your money.<\/p><p>Independent experts believe the problem is far worse at the Paraguana refinery complex, which is the third-largest facility of its type globally. The complex is comprised of the Cardon, Amuay, and Bajo Grande refineries which have a daily processing capacity of 305,000, 645,000, and 16,000 barrels respectively giving the Paraguana complex a total refining capacity of 966,000 barrels per day. A September 2020 leak from pipelines at the complex created an oil slick in the Caribbean Sea in the Golfete de Coro. The severely dilapidated state of Venezuela\u2019s refineries is underscored by regular production outages caused by explosions and crucial equipment failures. The Amuay refinery in the Paraguana complex suffered an explosion in October 2020, which Maduro attributed to terrorism but was likely caused by a water leak causing a vapor blast in the distillation unit. Venezuela\u2019s refineries, when operating, aside from emitting crude oil are known to belch toxic fumes into the atmosphere.<\/p><p>Airborne pollution in Venezuela is being worsened by PDVSA continuing to engage in the controversial process known as flaring. This is where excess gas produced during oil extraction and refinery operations is collected and burnt to reduce pressure and the risk of explosions. The activity is hugely harmful to the enviroment, not only emitting carbon dioxide, the primary cause of global warming, but also other greenhouse gases such as methane, sulfur dioxide, and nitrous oxide which cause acid rain, smog and damage the earth\u2019s ozone layer. In March 2021, an Ecuadorean court recognized the dangers of flaring banning the practice in the country\u2019s Amazon region, mainly the provinces of Sucumb\u00edos and Orellana. A local indigenous community had filed a 2020 complaint against the practice, asserting it was responsible for contributing to climate change, local air as well as water pollution, and causing a heightened risk of cancer.<\/p><p>The heavily corroded state of PDVSA\u2019s energy infrastructure, coupled with a lack of regulation, skilled technicians, and environmental protections in Maduro\u2019s Venezuela means the damage from flaring is much greater than in Ecuador. The World Bank, in an April 2021 report, identified that Venezuela is the sixth top country by gas flaring after Algeria, the U.S., Iran, Iraq, and Russia. Furthermore, Venezuela despite having the world\u2019s largest petroleum reserves of 304 billion, is only pumping a fraction of the petroleum produced by those countries. For April 2021, the Latin American OPEC member only pumped an average of 445,000 barrels per day, which aside from being roughly a fifth of Venezuela\u2019s pre-Maduro 2012 oil output is less than a 20th of U.S. average daily production.<\/p><p>Even before Maduro\u2019s ascension to power and the breakdown of Venezuela\u2019s once-mighty petroleum industry, there was already substantial environmental damage linked to the petrostate\u2019s energy sector. Lake Maracaibo, which has been the heartland of Venezuela\u2019s petroleum industry since the first commercial well was drilled in 1914 in the Mene Grande oilfield on the lake\u2019s shores, has suffered tremendously. The lake has suffered because of over a century of commercial oil extraction and been the location of numerous oil spills. According to local communities, these spills have irreparably damaged the local environment, wiped out fish species in Lake Maracaibo, and have been linked to high rates of cancers as well as other diseases.<\/p><p>The mounting damage to Venezuela\u2019s environment caused by a rapidly deteriorating petroleum industry is not a problem solely for Venezuela. It is impacting many countries in South America and the Caribbean, notably Trinidad and Tobago, Brazil, and Colombia. The colossal amounts of capital required to renovate and restore Venezuela\u2019s shattered oil industry to pre-Chavez levels of production, estimated to be anywhere between $58 billion and $250 billion, do not appear to incorporate the billions of dollars urgently needed to clean up Venezuela\u2019s environment.<\/p><p>For as long as Washington maintains strict sanctions against Venezuela, extreme environmental damage will keep occurring, particularly with Maduro focused on squeezing every producible barrel out of the petrostates rundown oil industry. That makes it imperative for the Biden administration to urgently consider alternatives to strict U.S. sanctions which have failed to trigger regime change and indirectly contributed to massive environmental degradation in Venezuela.<\/p><p>Source: <a href=\"https:\/\/oilprice.com\/\">OilPrice.Com<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-563edf59\" data-id=\"563edf59\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-background-overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-63502443 elementor-widget elementor-widget-theme-post-featured-image elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"63502443\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"theme-post-featured-image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"718\" height=\"300\" src=\"https:\/\/easyfairsassets.com\/sites\/157\/2021\/05\/2021-05-19_ngfmchdewi.jpg\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-27962\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/easyfairsassets.com\/sites\/157\/2021\/05\/2021-05-19_ngfmchdewi.jpg 718w, https:\/\/easyfairsassets.com\/sites\/157\/2021\/05\/2021-05-19_ngfmchdewi-300x125.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 718px) 100vw, 718px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2d2b3693 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2d2b3693\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Share this article<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6e6029f8 elementor-share-buttons--view-icon elementor-share-buttons--skin-minimal elementor-share-buttons--shape-circle elementor-share-buttons--color-custom elementor-grid-0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-share-buttons\" data-id=\"6e6029f8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"share-buttons.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-grid\" role=\"list\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-grid-item\" role=\"listitem\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-share-btn elementor-share-btn_email\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-label=\"Share on email\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-share-btn__icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i class=\"fas fa-envelope\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-grid-item\" role=\"listitem\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-share-btn elementor-share-btn_facebook\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-label=\"Share on facebook\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-share-btn__icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i class=\"fab fa-facebook\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-grid-item\" role=\"listitem\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-share-btn elementor-share-btn_twitter\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-label=\"Share on twitter\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-share-btn__icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i class=\"fab fa-twitter\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-grid-item\" role=\"listitem\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-share-btn elementor-share-btn_linkedin\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-label=\"Share on linkedin\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-share-btn__icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i class=\"fab fa-linkedin\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-grid-item\" role=\"listitem\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-share-btn elementor-share-btn_whatsapp\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-label=\"Share on whatsapp\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-share-btn__icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i class=\"fab fa-whatsapp\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-7b8324d4 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"7b8324d4\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-1ffd098b\" data-id=\"1ffd098b\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1c70296b elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"1c70296b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-231d14bc elementor-widget elementor-widget-post-navigation\" data-id=\"231d14bc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"post-navigation.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-post-navigation\" role=\"navigation\" aria-label=\"Post Navigation\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-post-navigation__prev elementor-post-navigation__link\">\n\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.stocexpo.com\/en\/2021\/05\/20\/koole-starts-work-on-botlek-upgrade\/\" rel=\"prev\"><span class=\"post-navigation__arrow-wrapper post-navigation__arrow-prev\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-chevron-left\"><\/i><span class=\"elementor-screen-only\">Prev<\/span><\/span><span class=\"elementor-post-navigation__link__prev\"><span class=\"post-navigation__prev--label\">Previous<\/span><span class=\"post-navigation__prev--title\">Koole starts work on Botlek upgrade<\/span><\/span><\/a>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-post-navigation__next elementor-post-navigation__link\">\n\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.stocexpo.com\/en\/2021\/05\/20\/mitsubishi-texas-brine-to-explore-salt-cavern-hydrogen-storage\/\" rel=\"next\"><span class=\"elementor-post-navigation__link__next\"><span class=\"post-navigation__next--label\">Next<\/span><span class=\"post-navigation__next--title\">Mitsubishi, Texas Brine to explore salt cavern hydrogen storage<\/span><\/span><span class=\"post-navigation__arrow-wrapper post-navigation__arrow-next\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-chevron-right\"><\/i><span class=\"elementor-screen-only\">Next<\/span><\/span><\/a>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-7016f85 elementor-section-stretched elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"7016f85\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;stretch_section&quot;:&quot;section-stretched&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-background-overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-45d20d54\" data-id=\"45d20d54\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-77519a8d elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"77519a8d\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-7757bdce\" data-id=\"7757bdce\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4ddabc61 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"4ddabc61\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Register to attend.<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3f22c5b2 elementor-align-center elementor-widget elementor-widget-global elementor-global-8850 elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"3f22c5b2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"https:\/\/www.stocexpo.com\/en\/visit\/register-your-interest\/\" target=\"_blank\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">Register Now<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-6d532d70 elementor-section-stretched elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"6d532d70\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;stretch_section&quot;:&quot;section-stretched&quot;,&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-64ee4894\" data-id=\"64ee4894\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-5a0dee0 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default elementor-invisible\" data-id=\"5a0dee0\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;animation&quot;:&quot;fadeIn&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-6c5060b6\" data-id=\"6c5060b6\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-37f42b12 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"37f42b12\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Get social.<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-48d7e30d elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"48d7e30d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">#stocexpo #futuredelivered<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3373d34c elementor-shape-circle elementor-grid-0 e-grid-align-center elementor-widget elementor-widget-social-icons\" data-id=\"3373d34c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"social-icons.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-social-icons-wrapper elementor-grid\" role=\"list\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-grid-item\" role=\"listitem\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-icon elementor-social-icon elementor-social-icon-twitter elementor-animation-push elementor-repeater-item-6550970\" href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/StocExpo\" target=\"_blank\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-screen-only\">Twitter<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fab fa-twitter\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-grid-item\" role=\"listitem\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-icon elementor-social-icon elementor-social-icon-facebook-f elementor-animation-push elementor-repeater-item-2ea5aad\" href=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/StocExpo\/\" target=\"_blank\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-screen-only\">Facebook-f<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fab fa-facebook-f\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-grid-item\" role=\"listitem\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-icon elementor-social-icon elementor-social-icon-linkedin-in elementor-animation-push elementor-repeater-item-f5eda18\" href=\"https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/showcase\/stocexpo-&#038;-tank-storage\/\" target=\"_blank\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-screen-only\">Linkedin-in<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fab fa-linkedin-in\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-grid-item\" role=\"listitem\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-icon elementor-social-icon elementor-social-icon-instagram elementor-animation-push elementor-repeater-item-b98d648\" href=\"https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/stocexpo_tankstorage_events\/\" target=\"_blank\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-screen-only\">Instagram<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fab fa-instagram\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The near failure of the Venezuelan state, caused by the breakdown of the country\u2019s oil industry, has triggered the second worst humanitarian crisis of the 21st century. While the collapse of Venezuela\u2019s oil industry and what was once the richest economy in South America are well documented, there is little coverage of the immense environmental [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":85,"featured_media":27962,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"elementor_header_footer","format":"standard","meta":{"_seopress_robots_primary_cat":"none","_seopress_titles_title":"Venezuela\u2019s Crumbling Oil Industry Is An Environmental Nightmare | StocExpo ","_seopress_titles_desc":"Venezuela\u2019s Crumbling Oil Industry Is An Environmental Nightmare. Find out more here, and catch-up with the latest industry news with StocExpo.","_seopress_robots_index":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[322,268],"tags":[],"edition":[],"class_list":["post-27961","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-homepage","category-in-the-news"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.stocexpo.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/27961","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.stocexpo.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.stocexpo.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.stocexpo.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/85"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.stocexpo.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=27961"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.stocexpo.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/27961\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.stocexpo.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/27962"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.stocexpo.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=27961"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.stocexpo.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=27961"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.stocexpo.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=27961"},{"taxonomy":"edition","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.stocexpo.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/edition?post=27961"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}