Time-of-Flight-Diffraction (TOFD)

The Time-of-flight diffraction (TOFD) technique is an ultrasonic technique based on a pair of ultrasonic probes in a pitch-catch setup. One probe acts as transmitter and emits an ultrasonic pulse that is received by the second probe, the receiver.
TOFD is one of the most reliable non-destructive testing methods in testing welds for both pre-service and in-service inspection. An accurate assessment of welds is vital to ensure that the stability and integrity of welded structures is not compromised by defects.

Applications:

Weld inspection (Pre-service and In-service)
Inspection of intermediate welded welds
Inspection at elevated temperatures varying from 50°C to over 250°C
Detection of root corrosion
Detection of cladding disbonding
NII, Non-Intrusive Inspection
Detection of Hydrogen Induced Cracking (HIC) and Stress Corrosion Cracking (SCC)
Detection of High Temperature Hydrogen Attack (HTHA)